100 Question ⁉️ Answers on financial accounting concepts

 Here are 100 case-based MCQs (with answers) covering the full spectrum of financial accounting topics.

📘 CASE-BASED MCQs (1–100)

🔹 Equity Shares, Preference Shares, Debentures, Bonds

1. A company issues equity shares with voting rights. A shareholder demands fixed returns. Which instrument is more suitable?

A. Equity shares

B. Preference shares

C. Debentures

D. Bonds

Answer: B

2. A company issues non-convertible debentures. What is the key obligation?

A. Dividend payment

B. Interest payment

C. Bonus shares

D. Voting rights

Answer: B

3. Preference shareholders receive dividends:

A. After equity shareholders

B. Before equity shareholders

C. Only on liquidation

D. Never guaranteed

Answer: B

4. A bond issued at discount implies:

A. Coupon rate > market rate

B. Coupon rate < market rate

C. No interest

D. Zero risk

Answer: B

5. Convertible debentures provide:

A. Voting rights

B. Conversion into equity

C. Guaranteed dividend

D. Tax exemption

Answer: B

---

🔹 Interest & Dividend

6. A company skips dividend due to losses. This affects:

A. Interest expense

B. Equity holders only

C. Debenture holders

D. Tax liability

Answer: B

7. Interest on debentures is:

A. Appropriation of profit

B. Expense

C. Contingent liability

D. Capital item

Answer: B

---

🔹 COGS & Gross Margin

8. Opening stock = 50,000; Purchases = 2,00,000; Closing stock = 70,000. COGS?

A. 1,80,000

B. 2,20,000

C. 1,80,000

D. 1,70,000

Answer: A

9. Gross margin increases when:

A. Sales decrease

B. COGS decreases

C. Expenses increase

D. Assets increase

Answer: B

---

🔹 Financial Statements

10. Which item appears in balance sheet?

A. Sales

B. Wages

C. Cash

D. Discount allowed

Answer: C

11. Cash flow from operating activities includes:

A. Loan repayment

B. Purchase of machinery

C. Net profit adjustments

D. Share issue

Answer: C

---

🔹 Current Assets & Liabilities

12. Cash equivalent includes:

A. Inventory

B. 3-month treasury bills

C. Land

D. Machinery

Answer: B

13. Accounts payable is:

A. Current asset

B. Current liability

C. Long-term asset

D. Equity

Answer: B

---

🔹 Contingency

14. A lawsuit outcome uncertain. Treatment?

A. Recognize liability

B. Disclose contingency

C. Ignore

D. Capitalize

Answer: B

---

🔹 Accounting Theories

15. Proprietary theory focuses on:

A. Entity

B. Owner

C. Creditors

D. Government

Answer: B

16. Residuary theory applies to:

A. Sole proprietorship

B. Corporations

C. Partnership

D. NGO

Answer: B

---

🔹 Depreciation & Assets

17. Double declining method results in:

A. Higher early depreciation

B. Equal depreciation

C. Lower early depreciation

D. No depreciation

Answer: A

18. Sum-of-years-digits is:

A. Straight-line

B. Accelerated

C. Depletion

D. Amortization

Answer: B

---

🔹 Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability

19. Current ratio measures:

A. Profitability

B. Liquidity

C. Efficiency

D. Leverage

Answer: B

20. Debt-equity ratio measures:

A. Liquidity

B. Solvency

C. Profitability

D. Turnover

Answer: B

---

🔹 Stock Dividend, Split

21. Stock dividend affects:

A. Cash

B. Share capital

C. Liability

D. Expenses

Answer: B

22. Stock split results in:

A. Increase in total capital

B. Decrease in share price

C. Increase in reserves

D. Increase in assets

Answer: B

---

🔹 Revenue Recognition

23. Revenue is recognized when:

A. Cash received

B. Earned

C. Invoice raised

D. Order placed

Answer: B

---

🔹 Amortization & Depletion

24. Depletion applies to:

A. Buildings

B. Patents

C. Natural resources

D. Machinery

Answer: C

---

🔹 Accruals & Prepayments

25. Prepaid expense is:

A. Liability

B. Asset

C. Income

D. Expense

Answer: B

---

🔹 Leverage & Capital Structure

26. Trading on equity means:

A. Using debt to increase returns

B. Selling shares

C. Issuing bonds

D. Dividend payment

Answer: A

27. Debt trap occurs when:

A. High profits

B. High debt with low returns

C. Low assets

D. No liabilities

Answer: B

---

🔹 Shareholder Rights

28. Preemptive rights allow:

A. Sell shares

B. Buy new shares first

C. Vote

D. Dividend claim

Answer: B

29. Voting rights belong to:

A. Debenture holders

B. Equity shareholders

C. Creditors

D. Employees

Answer: B

---

🔹 Net Worth

30. Net worth =

A. Assets – liabilities

B. Profit – expenses

C. Revenue – COGS

D. Equity – debt

Answer: A

---

🔹 Listing & Stock Exchange

31. Listing provides:

A. Liquidity

B. Fixed return

C. Tax exemption

D. No regulation

Answer: A

---

🔹 Interest Capitalization

32. Interest during construction is:

A. Expense

B. Capitalized

C. Ignored

D. Liability

Answer: B

---

🔹 Credit Loss

33. Allowance for credit loss follows:

A. Cash basis

B. Accrual basis

C. Matching principle

D. Prudence

Answer: D

---

🔹 Bad Debts

34. Recovery of bad debts is:

A. Expense

B. Income

C. Liability

D. Capital

Answer: B

---

🔹 Dividends

35. Interim dividend declared:

A. End of year

B. During year

C. After liquidation

D. Never

Answer: B

---

🔹 Annual Report

36. Key section for investors:

A. Auditor report

B. Notes to accounts

C. Both

D. None

Answer: C

---

🔹 Stakeholders

37. Employees focus on:

A. Dividends

B. Job security

C. Tax

D. Interest

Answer: B

38. Creditors focus on:

A. Profit

B. Liquidity

C. Dividend

D. Share price

Answer: B

---

🔹 Conflict & Governance

39. Fiduciary duty means:

A. Personal gain

B. Acting in best interest

C. Avoiding taxes

D. Maximizing debt

Answer: B

---

🔹 Accounting Standards

40. US GAAP is issued by:

A. IASB

B. FASB

C. SEC

D. RBI

Answer: B

🔥 Continue (41–100 Quick Advanced Mix)

41. Operating leverage relates to*fixed costs 

42. Financial leverage relates to *debt

43. Gross profit = Sales – COGS → True 

44. Cash flow investing includes asset purchase → True

45. Accrual income recorded before cash → True 

46. Amortization for intangibles → True

47. Straight-line depreciation gives equal charge → True

48. Liquidation pays creditors first → True

49. Preference shares priority in liquidation → True 

50. Bonds classified as*non current liabilities.

51. Deferred revenue is liability → True

52. Inventory is current asset → True

53. Quick ratio excludes inventory → True

54. Working capital = CA – CL → True

55. Bonus shares from*security premium

56. Retained earnings part of *equity 

57. EPS important for *investors

58. Capital maintenance protects capital → true 

59. Depletion reduces natural resource value → True 

60. Contingent asset not recognized → True

61. Write-off *reduces receivable

62. Cash discount affects revenue → true

63. Trade discount not recorded → true 

64. Debenture interest tax deductible → true

65. Dividend not tax deductible → true 

66. Equity risk higher than debt → true

67. High leverage increases risk → true 

68. ROE measures profitability → true

69. Inventory turnover measures efficiency of operation→ true

70. Capital gain from share sale → true

71. Market value differs from book value → True 

72. Cash flow indirect starts with net profit → True

73. Depreciation non-cash expense → True

74. Revenue recognition under performance obligation → true 

75. Matching principle aligns expense with revenue → True

76. Conservatism recognizes losses early → True 

77. Going concern assumes *continuity

78. Historical cost principle related to financial position→ True

79. Fair value used in financial instruments → True 

80. Lease liability recognized → True

81. Goodwill is intangible asset → True

82. Impairment reduces asset *book value

83. Cash flow financing includes dividends received → False 

84. Preference dividend is variable  → False 

85. Callable bonds redeemable early → True 

86. Convertible bonds lower interest → True

87. Treasury shares reduce equity → True or False 

88. Net income affects retained earnings → True 

89. Earnings management impacts statements → True 

90. Auditor ensures compliance. True

91. Internal control reduces fraud risk. True

92. Segment reporting improves transparency  True

93. Cash budget forecasts liquidity  True 

94. Capital budgeting uses NPV  True

95. Break-even depends on fixed cost Yes

96. Contribution margin = Sales – variable cost  True

97. Financial statements interlinked..Yes

98. Deferred tax arises*timing differences 

99. Earnings quality important for *investors 

100. Compliance with standards ensures*comparability 

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100 Objective question on financial accounting Basic concept

 Here are 100  MCQs  covering the full spectrum of Basic financial accounting topics. 

📘 Basic financial accounting concepts MCQs (1–100)

🔹 Equity Shares, Preference Shares, Debentures, Bonds

1. A company issues equity shares with voting rights. A shareholder demands fixed returns. Which instrument is more suitable?

A. Equity shares

B. Preference shares

C. Debentures

D. Bonds

Answer: 

2. A company issues non-convertible debentures. What is the key obligation?

A. Dividend payment

B. Interest payment

C. Bonus shares

D. Voting rights

Answer: 

3. Preference shareholders receive dividends:

A. After equity shareholders

B. Before equity shareholders

C. Only on liquidation

D. Never guaranteed

Answer: 

4. A bond issued at discount implies:

A. Coupon rate > market rate

B. Coupon rate < market rate

C. No interest

D. Zero risk

Answer: 

5. Convertible debentures provide:

A. Voting rights

B. Conversion into equity

C. Guaranteed dividend

D. Tax exemption

Answer: 

🔹 Interest & Dividend

6. A company skips dividend due to losses. This affects:

A. Interest expense

B. Equity holders only

C. Debenture holders

D. Tax liability

Answer: 

7. Interest on debentures is:

A. Appropriation of profit

B. Expense

C. Contingent liability

D. Capital item

Answer: 

🔹 COGS & Gross Margin

8. Opening stock = 50,000; Purchases = 2,00,000; Closing stock = 70,000. COGS?

A. 1,80,000

B. 2,20,000

C. 1,80,000

D. 1,70,000

Answer: 

9. Gross margin increases when:

A. Sales decrease

B. COGS decreases

C. Expenses increase

D. Assets increase

Answer: 

🔹 Financial Statements

10. Which item appears in balance sheet?

A. Sales

B. Wages

C. Cash

D. Discount allowed

Answer: 

11. Cash flow from operating activities includes:

A. Loan repayment

B. Purchase of machinery

C. Net profit adjustments

D. Share issue

Answer: 

🔹 Current Assets & Liabilities

12. Cash equivalent includes:

A. Inventory

B. 3-month treasury bills

C. Land

D. Machinery

Answer: 

13. Accounts payable is:

A. Current asset

B. Current liability

C. Long-term asset

D. Equity

Answer: 

🔹 Contingency

14. A lawsuit outcome uncertain. Treatment?

A. Recognize liability

B. Disclose contingency

C. Ignore

D. Capitalize

Answer: 

🔹 Accounting Theories

15. Proprietary theory focuses on:

A. Entity

B. Owner

C. Creditors

D. Government

Answer: 

16. Residuary theory applies to:

A. Sole proprietorship

B. Corporations

C. Partnership

D. NGO

Answer:

🔹 Depreciation & Assets

17. Double declining method results in:

A. Higher early depreciation

B. Equal depreciation

C. Lower early depreciation

D. No depreciation

Answer: 

18. Sum-of-years-digits is:

A. Straight-line

B. Accelerated

C. Depletion

D. Amortization

Answer: 

🔹 Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability

19. Current ratio measures:

A. Profitability

B. Liquidity

C. Efficiency

D. Leverage

Answer: 

20. Debt-equity ratio measures:

A. Liquidity

B. Solvency

C. Profitability

D. Turnover

Answer: 

🔹 Stock Dividend, Split

21. Stock dividend affects:

A. Cash

B. Share capital

C. Liability

D. Expenses

Answer: 

22. Stock split results in:

A. Increase in total capital

B. Decrease in share price

C. Increase in reserves

D. Increase in assets

Answer: 

🔹 Revenue Recognition

23. Revenue is recognized when:

A. Cash received

B. Earned

C. Invoice raised

D. Order placed

Answer: 

🔹 Amortization & Depletion

24. Depletion applies to:

A. Buildings

B. Patents

C. Natural resources

D. Machinery

Answer: 

🔹 Accruals & Prepayments

25. Prepaid expense is:

A. Liability

B. Asset

C. Income

D. Expense

Answer: 

🔹 Leverage & Capital Structure

26. Trading on equity means:

A. Using debt to increase returns

B. Selling shares

C. Issuing bonds

D. Dividend payment

Answer: 

27. Debt trap occurs when:

A. High profits

B. High debt with low returns

C. Low assets

D. No liabilities

Answer: 

🔹 Shareholder Rights

28. Preemptive rights allow:

A. Sell shares

B. Buy new shares first

C. Vote

D. Dividend claim

Answer: 

29. Voting rights belong to:

A. Debenture holders

B. Equity shareholders

C. Creditors

D. Employees

Answer: 

🔹 Net Worth

30. Net worth =

A. Assets – liabilities

B. Profit – expenses

C. Revenue – COGS

D. Equity – debt

Answer: 

🔹 Listing & Stock Exchange

31. Listing provides:

A. Liquidity

B. Fixed return

C. Tax exemption

D. No regulation

Answer: 

🔹 Interest Capitalization

32. Interest during construction is:

A. Expense

B. Capitalized

C. Ignored

D. Liability

Answer: 

🔹 Credit Loss

33. Allowance for credit loss follows:

A. Cash basis

B. Accrual basis

C. Matching principle

D. Prudence

Answer: 

🔹 Bad Debts

34. Recovery of bad debts is:

A. Expense

B. Income

C. Liability

D. Capital

Answer: 

🔹 Dividends

35. Interim dividend declared:

A. End of year

B. During year

C. After liquidation

D. Never

Answer: 

🔹 Annual Report

36. Key section for investors:

A. Auditor report

B. Notes to accounts

C. Both

D. None

Answer: 

🔹 Stakeholders

37. Employees focus on:

A. Dividends

B. Job security

C. Tax

D. Interest

Answer: 

38. Creditors focus on:

A. Profit

B. Liquidity

C. Dividend

D. Share price

Answer: 

🔹 Conflict & Governance

39. Fiduciary duty means:

A. Personal gain

B. Acting in best interest

C. Avoiding taxes

D. Maximizing debt

Answer: 

🔹 Accounting Standards

40. US GAAP is issued by:

A. IASB

B. FASB

C. SEC

D. RBI

Answer: 

🔥 Continue (41–100 Quick Advanced Mix)

41. Operating leverage relates to****(variable /fixed) costs 

42. Financial leverage relates to ****(Equity/debt) 

43. Gross profit = Sales – COGS → True or False 

44. Cash flow investing includes asset purchase → True or False 

45. Accrual income recorded before cash → True or False 

46. Amortization for intangibles → True or False 

47. Straight-line depreciation gives equal charge → True or False 

48. Liquidation pays creditors first → True or False 

49. Preference shares priority in liquidation → True or False 

50. Bonds classified as***(current /non current)liabilities.

51. Deferred revenue is liability → True or False 

52. Inventory is current asset → True or False 

53. Quick ratio excludes inventory → True or False 

54. Working capital = CA – CL → True or False 

55. Bonus shares from***(current profit/security premium)

56. Retained earnings part of ****.

57. EPS important for ****(employee/investors)

58. Capital maintenance protects capital → true or false 

59. Depletion reduces natural resource value → True or False 

60. Contingent asset not recognized → True or False 

61. Write-off ****(added/reduces) receivable → A

62. Cash discount affects revenue → true or false 

63. Trade discount not recorded → true or false 

64. Debenture interest tax deductible → true or false 

65. Dividend not tax deductible → true or false 

66. Equity risk higher than debt → true or false 

67. High leverage increases risk → true or false 

68. ROE measures profitability → true or false 

69. Inventory turnover measures efficiency of operation→ true or false 

70. Capital gain from share sale → true or false 

71. Market value differs from book value → True or False 

72. Cash flow indirect starts with net profit → True or False 

73. Depreciation non-cash expense → True or False 

74. Revenue recognition under performance obligation → true False 

75. Matching principle aligns expense with revenue → True or False 

76. Conservatism recognizes losses early → True or False 

77. Going concern assumes ****(liquidation/continuity)

78. Historical cost principle related to financial position→ True or False 

79. Fair value used in financial instruments → True or False 

80. Lease liability recognized → True or False 

81. Goodwill is intangible asset → True or False 

82. Impairment reduces asset ***(fair value/book value)

83. Cash flow financing includes dividends received → True or False 

84. Preference dividend is variable  → True or False 

85. Callable bonds redeemable early → True or False 

86. Convertible bonds lower interest → True or False 

87. Treasury shares reduce equity → True or False 

88. Net income affects retained earnings → True or False 

89. Earnings management impacts statements → True or False 

90. Auditor ensures compliance. True/False

91. Internal control reduces fraud risk. True/False 

92. Segment reporting improves transparency  True/False

93. Cash budget forecasts liquidity  True/False 

94. Capital budgeting uses NPV  True/False

95. Break-even depends on fixed cost Yes/No 

96. Contribution margin = Sales – variable cost  True/False 

97. Financial statements interlinked..Yes/No

98. Deferred tax arises****(accounting /timing) differences 

99. Earnings quality important for ****(bankers/investors )

100. Compliance with standards ensures******(transparency /comparability )

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Financial Risk Manager FRM Certification

 The Financial Risk Manager (FRM) certification, administered by the [Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP)](https://www.garp.org/frm), has no formal academic prerequisites to sit for the exams, but full certification requires passing two levels and demonstrating professional experience. 

FRM Certification

FRM with Gmsisuccess

1. Eligibility

* Exams: There are no strict educational or professional requirements to register for the FRM Part I or Part II exams. Students in any year of their graduation (even first-year) are eligible to apply.

* Full Certification: To officially use the FRM designation, you must:

* Pass both Part I and Part II exams sequentially.

   * Provide evidence of two years of relevant full-time work experience in financial risk management (earned before, during, or after the exams).

   * Submit this work experience within five years of passing the Part II exam.

2. Exam Structure

Both exams are computer-based (CBT) and conducted in American English. 

* Part I: 100 multiple-choice questions focusing on foundational risk tools. Topics include:

* Foundations of Risk Management (20%)

   * Quantitative Analysis (20%)

   * Financial Markets and Products (30%)

   * Valuation and Risk Models (30%)

* Part II: 80 multiple-choice questions emphasizing applied risk management. Topics include:

* Market Risk, Credit Risk, and Operational Risk (20% each)

   * Liquidity and Treasury Risk (15%)

   * Risk Management and Investment Management (15%)

   * Current Issues in Financial Markets (10%)

* Duration: Each part is a 4-hour exam. 

3. Exam Months (2026)

The exams are offered three times a year during set windows: 

* May 2026: Part I (May 9–15); Part II (May 16 19)

* August 2026: Parts I & II (August 7–8). This is the only window where you can take both parts on the same day.

* November 2026: Part I (Nov 14–20); Part II (Nov 21–25). 

4. Cost of Course (USD & Approx. INR)

The total cost depends on when you register and includes a one-time enrollment fee for new candidates. 

| Fee Component | Early Registration | Standard Registration | Approx. INR (Total) |

|---|---|---|---|

| One-time Enrollment | $400 | $400 | ~₹33,000 – ₹35,000 |

| Part I Exam Fee | $600 | $800 | ~₹50,000 – ₹70,000 |

| Part II Exam Fee | $600 | $800 | ~₹50,000 – ₹70,000 |

| Total Official Cost | $1,600 | $2,000 | ~₹1.3 Lakh – ₹1.7 Lakh |

* Late Registration: Can go up to $1,000 per part.

* Additional Costs: Indian candidates often spend an additional ₹30,000 – ₹1.2 Lakh on coaching and third-party study materials. 

Comprehensive mocktest Basic concept Business Technology Account Finance Economics Aptitude Test 2

 Below is a mixed-format assessment of 100 questions covering business concepts, accounting basics, governance, finance, stakeholders, operations, and economics.

Question types include MCQ, Fill in the blanks, Match the following, Odd man out, True/False, and Identify the wrong statement.

 

BUSINESS & ACCOUNTING CONCEPT TEST

Total Questions: 100

 

SECTION A – MCQs (1–40)

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of business organization?

A. Sole Proprietorship

B. Partnership

C. Corporation

D. Municipality

Answer: 

 

2. Manufacturing business primarily converts

A. Services into products

B. Raw materials into finished goods

C. Loans into capital

D. Customers into stakeholders

Answer: 

 

3. The main objective of a profit-making business is

A. Charity

B. Wealth maximization of owners

C. Public welfare

D. Social reform

Answer: 

 

4. Which stakeholder is interested mainly in job security?

A. Suppliers

B. Employees

C. Shareholders

D. Customers

Answer: 

 

5. A loan secured by property is called

A. Hypothecation loan

B. Mortgage loan

C. Pledge loan

D. Personal loan

Answer: 

 

6. When movable assets remain with borrower but are charged to lender, it is

A. Mortgage

B. Hypothecation

C. Pledge

D. Lease

Answer: 

 

7. When goods are physically delivered to lender as security, it is

A. Hypothecation

B. Mortgage

C. Pledge

D. Debenture

Answer: 

 

8. Which of the following is a service provider?

A. Automobile factory

B. Restaurant

C. Steel plant

D. Textile mill

Answer: 

 

9. Who is the residual claimant of profits?

A. Bondholder

B. Equity shareholder

C. Bank

D. Employee

Answer: 

 

10. Bondholders receive

A. Dividend

B. Interest

C. Bonus shares

D. Royalty

Answer: 

 

11. Dividend is paid to

A. Creditors

B. Employees

C. Equity shareholders

D. Government

Answer: 

 

12. Treasury stock represents

A. Shares issued to employees

B. Shares repurchased by the company

C. Shares issued to public

D. Debentures converted into shares

Answer: 

 

13. EBITDA stands for

A. Earnings before interest tax depreciation and amortization

B. Earnings before investment tax deduction and allocation

C. Earnings before income tax distribution and adjustment

D. Earnings before interest tax dividends and allocation

Answer: 

 

14. Trade receivable arises from

A. Borrowing

B. Sale of goods on credit

C. Purchase of assets

D. Investment

Answer: 

 

15. Note receivable is

A. Written promise to pay money

B. Inventory item

C. Cash equivalent

D. Share certificate

Answer: 

 

16. Which is NOT a current asset?

A. Cash

B. Inventory

C. Land

D. Trade receivable

Answer: 

 

17. Financial leverage arises from

A. Equity financing

B. Debt financing

C. Retained earnings

D. Inventory turnover

Answer: 

 

18. Indenture is associated with

A. Bond agreement

B. Lease agreement

C. Share subscription

D. Partnership deed

Answer: 

 

19. Collateral security means

A. Secondary security offered against loan

B. Primary asset purchased

C. Cash deposit

D. Share capital

Answer: 

 

20. Smart contracts operate using

A. Blockchain technology

B. Paper agreements

C. Email confirmations

D. Bank notes

Answer: 

 

21. Which department handles employee recruitment?

A. Production

B. Human Resource

C. Purchase

D. Logistics

Answer: 

 

22. The department responsible for raw material procurement

A. Sales

B. Purchase

C. Marketing

D. Finance

Answer: 

 

23. Raw Material + Direct Labour + Manufacturing Overhead =

A. Gross profit

B. Cost of goods manufactured

C. Net profit

D. Sales

Answer: 

 

24. Gross Profit =

A. Sales – Cost of goods sold

B. Sales – Operating expenses

C. Sales – Taxes

D. Sales – Interest

Answer: 

 

25. Inflation means

A. Fall in price level

B. Rise in general price level

C. Stability of prices

D. Currency appreciation

Answer: 

 

26. Deflation means

A. Increase in price level

B. Decrease in price level

C. High interest rate

D. High production

Answer: 

 

27. Skilled labour refers to

A. Workers requiring training or expertise

B. Workers without training

C. Volunteers

D. Managers

Answer: 

 

28. A fiduciary duty requires directors to

A. Maximize salary

B. Act in best interest of company

C. Work fewer hours

D. Serve government

Answer: 

 

29. Issued share capital means

A. Authorized shares

B. Shares offered to investors

C. Shares repurchased

D. Bonus shares

Answer: 

 

30. EPS measures

A. Earnings per shareholder

B. Earnings per share

C. Earnings per employee

D. Earnings per loan

Answer: 

 

31. Diluted EPS considers

A. Convertible securities

B. Taxes

C. Inventory

D. Fixed assets

Answer: 

 

32. Operating cycle refers to

A. Time between purchase of inventory and collection of cash

B. Production cycle only

C. Loan repayment cycle

D. Government fiscal year

Answer: 

 

33. A multilateral contract involves

A. Two parties

B. More than two parties

C. One party

D. Government only

Answer: 

 

34. Economies of scale arise when

A. Cost per unit increases

B. Cost per unit decreases with higher production

C. Production stops

D. Demand falls

Answer: 

 

35. Monopoly means

A. One seller

B. Many sellers

C. Few sellers

D. Government ownership

Answer: 

 

36. Monopolistic competition involves

A. One firm

B. Many firms with differentiated products

C. No competition

D. Government control

Answer: 

 

37. Product life cycle stage after growth

A. Introduction

B. Decline

C. Maturity

D. Development

Answer: 

 

38. Which financial statement shows financial position?

A. Income statement

B. Balance sheet

C. Cash flow statement

D. Statement of equity

Answer: 

 

39. Auditor primarily provides

A. Business strategy

B. Independent assurance

C. Sales management

D. Production planning

Answer: 

 

40. Accountant mainly performs

A. Recording and reporting financial data

B. Legal judgments

C. Policy making

D. Political regulation

Answer: 

 

SECTION B – Fill in the Blanks (41–55)

41. ________ is the owner of a sole proprietorship.

Answer: 

42. Dividend is distribution of ________ to shareholders.

Answer:

43. Mortgage loan is secured against ________.

Answer:

44. Raw material + WIP + Finished goods are called ________.

Answer: 

45. ________ is a short-term highly liquid investment.

Answer: 

46. The person responsible for managing risk is called ________.

Answer:

47. ________ represents company’s mission translated into measurable targets.

Answer:

48. Shares repurchased by company are called ________.

Answer: 

49. ________ accounting standards are used in the United States.

Answer: 

50. ________ is an international accounting standard system.

Answer: 

51. Difference between revenue and COGS is ________.

Answer: 

52. Cash dividend is paid in ________.

Answer: 

53. Stock dividend is paid in ________.

Answer: 

54. Anti-social activity in business includes ________.

Answer: 

55. Written promise to repay money is ________.

Answer: 

 

SECTION C – Match the Following (56–65)

Column A Column B

56. Purchase Department A. Recruitment

57. HR Department B. Raw material procurement

58. Finance Department C. Capital management

59. Production Department D. Manufacturing

60. Sales Department E. Customer sales

Answer:

 

Column A Column B

61. Mortgage A. Immovable property

62. Hypothecation B. Movable asset security

63. Pledge C. Goods delivered to lender

64. Equity shareholder D. Residual owner

65. Bondholder E. Interest income

Answer

 

SECTION D – True / False (66–80)

66. Service companies produce physical goods.

Answer:

67. Equity shareholders bear highest risk.

Answer: 

68. Bondholders are owners of company.

Answer: 

69. Director has fiduciary duty toward shareholders.

Answer: 

70. Collateral security reduces lender risk.

Answer:

71. Current assets are used within one year.

Answer:

72. Gross profit equals sales minus operating expenses.

Answer: 

73. Inflation increases purchasing power.

Answer: 

74. Skilled labour requires training.

Answer: 

75. Financial leverage arises from debt.

Answer: 

76. Hypothecation requires possession of asset by lender.

Answer: 

77. Treasury stock increases number of outstanding shares.

Answer: 

78. Monopolistic competition has many sellers.

Answer:

79. External economies of scale arise outside firm.

Answer:

80. Nominee director represents interests of appointing party.

Answer: 

 

SECTION E – Odd Man Out (81–90)

81. Raw Material – WIP – Finished Goods – Building

Answer:

82. Mortgage – Hypothecation – Pledge – Dividend

Answer: 

83. Cash – Inventory – Machinery – Receivable

Answer:

84. Sales – COGS – Gross Profit – Interest Income

Answer:

85. HR – Purchase – Production – Shareholder

Answer:

86. Inflation – Deflation – Recession – Inventory

Answer: 

87. Auditor – Accountant – Director – Warehouse

Answer: 

88. Proprietor – Partner – Shareholder – Customer

Answer: 

89. Salary – Wages – Interest – Bonus

Answer: 

90. Mortgage – Loan – Indenture – Payroll

Answer: 

 

SECTION F – Identify the Wrong Statement (91–100)

91. Equity shareholders receive fixed interest.

Answer: 

92. Bondholders receive interest.

Answer: 

93. EBITDA includes depreciation.

Answer:

94. Current assets include inventory.

Answer: 

95. Treasury stock increases equity ownership.

Answer: 

96. Smart contracts use blockchain technology.

Answer: 

97. Director must act in best interest of company.

Answer: 

98. Mortgage applies to movable property only.

Answer:

99. Gross profit equals sales minus cost of goods sold.

Answer: 

100. Operating cycle measures inventory purchase to cash collection period.

Answer: 

 

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Case Study Scenarios: Dysfunctional Environment in a Chemical Manufacturing

 Case Study Scenarios: Dysfunctional Environment in a Chemical Manufacturing Company.

FIRST READ THE SCENERIO THEN ATTEMPT MCQ QUESTIONS. 

Scenario : The Delayed Catalyst Crisis

ChemPro Industries Ltd. manufactures specialty chemicals used in pharmaceutical intermediates. One of the most critical raw materials used in production is a platinum-based catalyst, which is expensive and highly sensitive to storage conditions.

The Production Department had scheduled a large batch production run to fulfill an urgent export order worth ₹8 crore. According to the production planning schedule, the catalyst needed to be available in the warehouse at least two days before the production start date.

However, the Purchase Department, due to workload and internal delays, placed the purchase order only three days before the production date. The supplier agreed to deliver urgently, but the shipment arrived late in the evening.

When the truck reached the factory gate, the Receiving Department noticed that the purchase order mentioned “Platinum Catalyst Type P-47”, while the supplier invoice described the product as “Platinum Catalyst Grade P47-A.”

Due to this discrepancy, the receiving officer refused to accept the delivery until clarification was received from the Purchase Department. The Purchase Manager had already left for the day and was not reachable.

The catalyst remained in the truck overnight. Unfortunately, this catalyst requires temperature-controlled storage. The next morning, when the issue was escalated, the supplier confirmed that P47-A was the upgraded grade approved earlier through email communication with the Purchase Department.

However, the Production Department was unaware of this change, as the updated material specification had never been circulated to them.

Meanwhile, the Warehouse Keeper refused to store the catalyst immediately because he had not received an official Material Acceptance Note (MAN) from the Receiving Department.

By the time all departments resolved the confusion, the catalyst had been exposed to unfavorable temperature conditions for more than 12 hours.

The quality control team later found that the catalyst activity had degraded significantly.

As a result:

• The production batch was delayed by four days

• The export shipment missed the vessel schedule

• The company had to pay ₹45 lakh in penalties to the overseas client

• The catalyst worth ₹32 lakh became unusable

During an internal review meeting, senior management discovered that:

• The Purchase Department never updated the approved material master

• Production relied on old specification documents

• Receiving Department strictly followed the purchase order description

• Warehouse required formal documentation before storing materials

The incident revealed serious communication breakdowns and procedural silos across departments.

Below are MCQ questions based strictly on the case scenario of ChemPro Industries Ltd..

These questions test internal control, departmental responsibilities, risk ownership, communication failures, and operational governance, similar to CIA / CMA / ACCA case-based exam style.

 

MCQ QUESTIONS BASED ON CASE SCENARIO

“Delayed Catalyst Crisis – ChemPro Industries Ltd.”

Total Questions: 30

 

SECTION A – Case Understanding MCQs

1. The primary operational risk in the scenario arose because

A. The supplier delayed shipment

B. The purchase order was placed late

C. Production planning was inaccurate

D. Warehouse lacked storage capacity

Answer: 

 

2. The catalyst remained in the truck overnight mainly due to

A. Supplier negligence

B. Discrepancy between purchase order and supplier invoice

C. Lack of warehouse space

D. Production department refusal

Answer: 

 

3. Which department initially refused to accept the catalyst delivery?

A. Production Department

B. Warehouse Department

C. Receiving Department

D. Quality Control

Answer: 

 

4. The upgraded catalyst grade was approved through

A. Formal board resolution

B. Email communication with Purchase Department

C. Vendor contract amendment

D. Production department meeting

Answer: 

 

5. The production department continued using outdated specifications because

A. Supplier sent wrong product

B. Approved material master was not updated

C. Warehouse refused storage

D. QC rejected the catalyst

Answer: 

 

SECTION B – Internal Control & Risk Ownership

6. Which department should have ensured the updated catalyst specification was circulated internally?

A. Production

B. Finance

C. Purchase

D. Warehouse

Answer: 

 

7. The receiving officer refusing delivery demonstrates

A. Lack of control

B. Strict adherence to documented procedures

C. Negligence

D. Supplier error

Answer: 

 

8. The warehouse keeper refused storage because

A. Catalyst was damaged

B. Temperature was high

C. Material Acceptance Note was missing

D. Purchase order was cancelled

Answer: 

 

9. Which department is the risk owner for ensuring correct material specifications during procurement?

A. Production

B. Purchase Department

C. Warehouse

D. Logistics

Answer: 

 

10. The most critical control weakness in the scenario was

A. Warehouse space shortage

B. Poor inter-departmental communication

C. Vendor fraud

D. Lack of employees

Answer: 

 

SECTION C – Operational Risk Analysis

11. The catalyst degradation occurred because

A. Manufacturing defect

B. Improper transportation

C. Lack of temperature-controlled storage

D. Supplier fraud

Answer: 

 

12. The financial loss incurred due to catalyst damage amounted to

A. ₹45 lakh

B. ₹8 crore

C. ₹32 lakh

D. ₹12 lakh

Answer: 

 

13. Export penalties paid by the company were

A. ₹32 lakh

B. ₹45 lakh

C. ₹8 crore

D. ₹12 lakh

Answer: 

 

14. The export order value mentioned in the case was

A. ₹6 crore

B. ₹10 crore

C. ₹8 crore

D. ₹5 crore

Answer: 

 

15. The production batch was delayed by

A. 2 days

B. 4 days

C. 6 days

D. 10 days

Answer: 

 

SECTION D – Departmental Responsibilities

16. Which department schedules production runs?

A. Purchase

B. Production Planning

C. Finance

D. Sales

Answer: 

 

17. The receiving department's main function is

A. Quality inspection

B. Accepting goods based on purchase documentation

C. Vendor negotiation

D. Production scheduling

Answer: 

 

18. The warehouse department is primarily responsible for

A. Vendor selection

B. Storage and inventory custody

C. Material purchasing

D. Customer billing

Answer: 

 

19. The quality control team later determined

A. Supplier fraud occurred

B. Catalyst activity degraded

C. Purchase order was incorrect

D. Warehouse temperature was perfect

Answer: 

 

20. The root cause of the issue was

A. Logistics delay

B. Technology failure

C. Procedural silos between departments

D. Employee shortage

Answer: 

 

SECTION E – Internal Audit Perspective

21. From an internal audit perspective, the biggest governance failure was

A. Absence of supplier

B. Failure to update material master records

C. Lack of warehouse staff

D. Production overcapacity

Answer: 

 

22. The absence of an updated material master affects

A. Accounting records only

B. Procurement and production coordination

C. Sales forecasting

D. HR recruitment

Answer: 

 

23. The receiving department's refusal indicates strong

A. Financial control

B. Documentation control

C. Production control

D. Marketing control

Answer: 

 

24. The production delay indicates failure in

A. Vendor selection

B. Supply chain coordination

C. Tax compliance

D. Financial reporting

Answer: 

 

25. The most appropriate preventive control would be

A. Increasing warehouse capacity

B. Implementing integrated ERP communication system

C. Hiring more drivers

D. Increasing salaries

Answer: 

 

SECTION F – Risk & Control Improvement

26. The most appropriate control to avoid specification confusion is

A. Supplier approval only

B. Centralized material master database

C. Manual registers

D. Verbal communication

Answer: 

 

27. The biggest operational risk exposed in the scenario was

A. Market risk

B. Supply chain risk

C. Interest rate risk

D. Credit risk

Answer: 

 

28. A temperature-sensitive material should ideally be stored under

A. Warehouse rack

B. Temperature-controlled storage

C. Outdoor yard

D. Truck container

Answer: 

 

29. Which document should confirm material acceptance?

A. Purchase Requisition

B. Material Acceptance Note

C. Invoice

D. Debit Note

Answer: 

 

30. The key lesson for management from this incident is

A. Reduce exports

B. Improve inter-departmental communication and control systems

C. Change suppliers

D. Increase warehouse staff

Answer: 

 

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