Monday, March 9, 2026

Management Accounting..key important points

 Here are key points for ACCA F2/US CMA Management Accounting topics:


A. The Nature, Source, and Purpose of Management Information

- *Management Information*: Data for planning, control, and decision-making

- *Sources*: Internal (accounting, production) and external (market research)

- *Purpose*: Support decision-making, planning, and control

B. Data Analysis and Interpretation

- *Data Types*: Quantitative and qualitative

- *Analysis Techniques*: Ratio analysis, trend analysis, variance analysis

- *Interpretation*: Identifying trends, patterns, and anomalies


C. Costing Methods and Systems

- *Cost Classification*: Fixed, variable, direct, indirect

- *Costing Methods*: Job costing, process costing, marginal costing

- *Systems*: Standard costing, budgetary control


D. Budgeting and Forecasting

- *Budgeting*: Planning and controlling financial resources

- *Types*: Sales, production, cash budgets

- *Forecasting*: Techniques like moving averages, regression


E. Decision Making Techniques

- *Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis*: Break-even analysis, margin of safety

- *Decision Making*: Relevant costs, limiting factors, make-or-buy decisions


F. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis

- *Standard Costing*: Setting standards, calculating variances

- *Variance Analysis*: Identifying causes, investigating variances


G. Performance Measurement and Control

- *Performance Measures*: Financial (profit, ROI) and non-financial (customer satisfaction)


- *Control*: Monitoring, reporting, and corrective action

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Here are 50 ACCA F2 (Management Accounting) Exam-Level MCQs with small caselets . These reflect the scenario-based style used in the ACCA MA (F2) ,US CMA computer-based exam.


ACCA F2 – 50 Exam Level MCQs (Caselet Based)


Section 1 – Cost Classification


1

A manufacturing company produces wooden tables. During the month, the company paid ₹80,000 for wood used directly in production and ₹20,000 for factory electricity.

Which of the following represents direct cost?

A. Factory electricity

B. Wood used in production

C. Factory supervisor salary

D. Machine depreciation

Answer: 


2

A factory rent of ₹120,000 per year remains constant regardless of production levels.

This cost is:

A. Variable cost

B. Fixed cost

C. Semi-variable cost

D. Direct cost

Answer: 


3

A company pays a salesperson a salary of ₹10,000 plus ₹5 per unit sold.

This cost is:

A. Fixed cost

B. Variable cost

C. Semi-variable cost

D. Step cost

Answer: 


4

A factory supervisor oversees production of multiple products and cannot trace their salary to a specific product.

The supervisor salary is:

A. Direct cost

B. Indirect cost

C. Variable cost

D. Prime cost

Answer: 


5

A company produces chairs. Wood costs ₹300 per chair and wages are ₹150 per chair.

What is the prime cost per chair?

A. ₹300

B. ₹150

C. ₹450

D. ₹600

Answer: 


Section 2 – Absorption Costing


6

Budgeted overhead =?

Budgeted machine hours =?

What is the overhead absorption rate per machine hour?

A. ₹2

B. ₹5

C. ₹10

D. ₹20

Answer


7

A product requires 3 machine hours.

OAR = ₹5 per machine hour.

Overhead absorbed per unit = ?

A. ₹5

B. ₹10

C. ₹15

D. ₹20

Answer: 


8

Actual overhead = ₹210,000

Overhead absorbed = ₹200,000

This represents:

A. Over-absorption

B. Under-absorption

C. No variance

D. Fixed variance

Answer: 


9

Which cost is included in absorption costing but excluded in marginal costing?

A. Direct labour

B. Variable overhead

C. Fixed production overhead

D. Direct material

Answer: 


10

Which costing method values inventory higher when production exceeds sales?

A. Marginal costing

B. Absorption costing

C. Standard costing

D. Job costing

Answer: 


Section 3 – Marginal Costing


11

A product sells for ₹80. Variable cost is ₹50.

Contribution per unit = ?

A. ₹20

B. ₹30

C. ₹40

D. ₹50

Answer: 


12

Fixed costs = ₹120,000

Contribution per unit = ₹30

Break-even units = ?

A. 3,000

B. 4,000

C. 5,000

D. 6,000

Answer: 


13

Sales = ₹400,000

Contribution = ₹160,000

Contribution ratio = ?

A. 20%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 50%

Answer: 


14

Break-even sales = ₹300,000

Actual sales = ₹420,000

Margin of Safety = ?

A. ₹120,000

B. ₹300,000

C. ₹420,000

D. ₹720,000

Answer: 


15


Contribution = ₹200,000

Fixed cost = ₹150,000

Profit = ?

A. ₹50,000

B. ₹150,000

C. ₹200,000

D. ₹350,000

Answer: 


Section 4 – Budgeting


16

A company plans to sell 10,000 units next month. Opening inventory is 2,000 units and desired closing inventory is 3,000 units

Production budget units = ?


A. 9,000

B. 10,000

C. 11,000

D ,12,000


17

Which budget is prepared first?

A. Cash budget

B. Production budget

C. Sales budget

D. Labour budget

Answer: 


18

Which budget focuses on expected cash inflows and outflows?

A. Sales budget

B. Cash budget

C. Production budget

D. Materials budget

Answer: 


19

Flexible budgets are prepared for:

A. One level of activity

B. Multiple activity levels

C. Past performance

D. Capital investment

Answer: 


20

Budgetary control helps management to:

A. Eliminate costs

B. Compare actual vs planned results

C. Avoid planning

D. Reduce production

Answer: 


Section 5 – Standard Costing


Standard cost is:

A. Actual cost

B. Predetermined cost

C. Estimated selling price

D. Historical cost

Answer:


22


Standard costing mainly helps in:

A. Tax calculation

B. Variance analysis

C. Inventory valuation only

D. Marketing planning

Answer: 


23

Material price variance occurs due to:

A. Wage increase

B. Change in material price

C. Labour efficiency

D. Machine breakdown

Answer:


24

Material usage variance measures:

A. Efficiency of material usage

B. Labour efficiency

C. Sales performance

D. Machine hours

Answer: 


25

Labour rate variance arises when:

A. Workers use extra time

B. Actual wage rate differs from standard

C. Machine failure occurs

D. Materials increase

Answer: 


Section 6 – Variance Calculations

26

Standard price = ₹10

Actual price = ₹12

Actual quantity = 1,000 units

Material price variance = ?

A. ₹2,000 A

B. ₹2,000 F

C. ₹10,000 A

D. ₹10,000 F

Answer: 


27

Standard hours = 500

Actual hours = 550

Standard rate = ₹20

Labour efficiency variance =

A. ₹1,000 A

B. ₹1,000 F

C. ₹10,000 A

D. ₹10,000 F

Answer: 

28

A favourable variance means:

A. Cost is higher than expected

B. Cost is lower than expected

C. Sales are lower

D. Profit is lower

Answer: 


29

An adverse variance indicates:

A. Better performance

B. Worse performance

C. No difference

D. No cost change

Answer: 


30

Variance analysis is used for:

A. Financial reporting

B. Cost control

C. Marketing decisions

D. Advertising

Answer


Section 7 – Inventory Management


31

EOQ helps minimize:

A. Production cost

B. Ordering and holding cost

C. Marketing cost

D. Labour cost

Answer: 


32

If ordering cost increases, EOQ will:

A. Increase

B. Decrease

C. Remain same

D. Become zero

Answer:


33


Reorder level ensures:

A. Zero inventory

B. Continuous production

C. No storage cost

D. No purchasing

Answer: 


34

FIFO assumes:

A. Latest items sold first

B. Oldest inventory sold first

C. Average cost used

D. Random issue

Answer: 


35

Weighted average method calculates:

A. Average unit cost of inventory

B. Highest cost

C. Lowest cost

D. Selling price


Answer: 


Section 8 – Decision Making


36


Relevant costs are:

A. Past costs

B. Future incremental costs

C. Sunk costs

D. Historical costs

Answer: 


37

Sunk costs are:

A. Future costs

B. Costs already incurred

C. Variable costs

D. Relevant costs

Answer: 


38

A company has limited machine hours. Decision should be based on:

A. Selling price per unit

B. Contribution per unit

C. Contribution per limiting factor

D. Total revenue

Answer: 


39

A make-or-buy decision compares:

A. Selling price vs cost

B. Internal production cost vs purchase price

C. Profit vs revenue

D. Labour vs material

Answer: 


40


A product with highest contribution per limiting factor should be:

A. Discontinued

B. Produced first

C. Outsourced

D. Ignored

Answer: 


Section 9 – Performance Measurement


41

Return on Investment (ROI) measures:

A. Profitability of investment

B. Sales growth

C. Market share

D. Customer satisfaction

Answer: 


42

Non-financial performance measures include:

A. Profit

B. ROI

C. Customer satisfaction

D. Contribution

Answer: 

43

Performance measurement helps managers:

A. Evaluate efficiency

B. Increase taxes

C. Reduce production

D. Avoid planning


Answer: 


44

Balanced performance requires:

A. Only financial measures

B. Only non-financial measures

C. Both financial and non-financial measures

D. No measurement


Answer: 


45

Key performance indicators (KPIs) are used to:

A. Monitor performance

B. Reduce sales

C. Avoid costs

D. Increase inventory

Answer:


Section 10 – Mixed Topics


46

Which cost remains constant per unit?

A. Fixed cost

B. Variable cost

C. Semi-variable cost

D. Step cost

Answer: 


47

Which cost remains constant in total?

A. Variable cost

B. Fixed cost

C. Direct cost

D. Prime cost

Answer: 


48

Contribution helps cover:

A. Variable costs

B. Fixed costs and profit

C. Direct materials only

D. Labour only


Answer: 


49

If selling price increases while costs remain constant:

Contribution will:

A. Decrease

B. Increase

C. Stay same

D. Become zero


Answer: 

50

Management accounting information is mainly used by:


A. External investors

B. Government regulators

C. Internal managers

D. Tax authorities


Answer: 

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