Friday, December 26, 2025

MCQ questions on Financial Reporting Compreh examinable

 


US CMA–style MCQ questions strictly aligned with US GAAP. Questions are conceptual + tricky, similar to Part 1 exam patterns.

Section A.. 

1. Cash Flow After Tax

Q1. Cash flow after tax is best described as:

A. Net income + depreciation

B. Cash inflows minus cash outflows after income taxes

C. EBIT × (1 − tax rate)

D. Operating cash flow before tax

Answer:

 

2. Cash Flow from Operating Activities (CFO)

Q2. Under the indirect method, which item is added back to net income?

A. Gain on sale of equipment

B. Increase in accounts receivable

C. Depreciation expense

D. Decrease in accounts payable

Answer: 

 

3. Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Q3. Which of the following is reported as an investing activity?

A. Payment of dividends

B. Issuance of bonds

C. Purchase of machinery

D. Interest paid

Answer: 

 

4. Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Q4. Cash received from issuing common stock is classified as:

A. Operating

B. Investing

C. Financing

D. Non-cash activity

Answer: 

 

5. Closing Cash & Cash Equivalents

Q5. Which item is considered a cash equivalent under US GAAP?

A. 6-month treasury bill

B. 120-day commercial paper

C. Equity securities

D. Restricted cash

Answer: 

(≤ 3 months maturity)

 

6. Trading Securities

Q6. Trading securities are reported at:

A. Cost

B. Lower of cost or market

C. Fair value with unrealized gains in OCI

D. Fair value with unrealized gains in net income

Answer: 

 

7. Held-to-Maturity (HTM) Securities

Q7. HTM debt securities are reported at:

A. Fair value

B. Amortized cost

C. Market value

D. Lower of cost or market

Answer: 

 

8. Available-for-Sale (AFS) Securities

Q8. Unrealized gains on AFS securities are reported in:

A. Net income

B. Retained earnings

C. Other comprehensive income

D. Notes only

Answer: 

 

9. Mortgaged Loan

Q9. A mortgaged loan means:

A. Loan without collateral

B. Loan secured by property

C. Loan payable on demand

D. Loan guaranteed by government

Answer: 

 

10. Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Q10. Basic EPS is calculated as:

A. Net income / outstanding shares

B. Net income − preferred dividends ÷ weighted avg common shares

C. Operating income ÷ shares

D. Net income ÷ diluted shares

Answer: 

 

11. Diluted EPS

Q11. Which instrument causes dilution?

A. Treasury stock

B. Stock options

C. Cash dividends

D. Stock dividends

Answer: 

 

12. Operating Cycle vs Fiscal Period

Q12. Classification of current assets is based on the longer of:

A. 6 months or 1 year

B. Operating cycle or fiscal year

C. Cash cycle or accounting period

D. Budget year or operating cycle

Answer: 

 

13. Inventory Valuation

Q13. Ending inventory is valued at:

A. Cost only

B. Market only

C. Lower of cost or market

D. Higher of cost or NRV

Answer: 

 

14. Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts

Q14. The allowance method recognizes bad debts:

A. When cash is not received

B. When account becomes uncollectible

C. At time of sale

D. Based on estimates

Answer: 

 

15. Credit Loss Recovery

Q15. Recovery of bad debts previously written off is recorded as:

A. Other income

B. Reduction of bad debt expense

C. Increase in allowance

D. Revenue

Answer: 

 

16. Impairment Loss

Q16. Asset impairment loss occurs when:

A. Carrying value > fair value

B. Undiscounted cash flows < carrying value

C. Discounted cash flows < carrying value

D. Market price declines

Answer: 

 

17. Accumulated Depreciation

Q17. Accumulated depreciation is classified as:

A. Asset

B. Liability

C. Contra-asset

D. Expense

Answer: 

 

18. Temporary Difference

Q18. Which creates a temporary difference?

A. Fines & penalties

B. Tax-exempt interest

C. Depreciation method difference

D. Meals expense disallowed

Answer: 

 

19. Permanent Difference

Q19. Which creates a permanent difference?

A. Warranty provision

B. Accelerated depreciation

C. Tax-exempt municipal bond interest

D. Unearned revenue

Answer: 

 

20. Deferred Tax Expense

Q20. Deferred tax expense appears in:

A. Balance sheet

B. Statement of cash flows

C. Income statement

D. OCI

Answer: 

 

21. Indirect Method – CFO

Q21. Increase in prepaid expenses under indirect method:

A. Added

B. Deducted

C. Ignored

D. Financing

Answer: 

 

22. Age-wise Analysis of Trade Receivables

Q22. Aging analysis is primarily used to estimate:

A. Revenue

B. Cash flow

C. Bad debt allowance

D. Sales growth

Answer: 

 

23. Factoring Without Recourse

Q23. Factoring without recourse means:

A. Seller retains risk

B. Buyer retains risk

C. Factor assumes credit risk

D. It is a loan

Answer: 

 

24. Operating Lease

Q24. Operating lease payments are recorded as:

A. Asset & liability

B. Expense only

C. Financing activity

D. OCI

Answer: 

 

25. Finance (Capital) Lease Criteria

Q25. Which indicates a finance lease?

A. Lease term < 75% of asset life

B. No bargain purchase option

C. Transfer of ownership at end

D. Cancelable lease

Answer: 

 

26. Off-Balance Sheet Financing

Q26. Operating leases are considered:

A. On-balance sheet financing

B. Off-balance sheet financing

C. Equity financing

D. Cash financing

Answer: 

 

27. FIFO vs LIFO

Q27. During rising prices, FIFO results in:

A. Higher COGS

B. Lower inventory

C. Higher net income

D. Lower tax

Answer: 

 

28. FOB Destination

Q28. Under FOB destination, ownership transfers:

A. At shipment

B. At factory

C. At delivery

D. At billing

Answer: 

 

29. Annual Cash Dividend

Q29. Cash dividend declaration creates:

A. Expense

B. Liability

C. Equity increase

D. Revenue

Answer: 

 

30. Stock Dividend

Q30. Stock dividends result in:

A. Increase in total equity

B. Decrease in equity

C. Reclassification within equity

D. Cash outflow

Answer: 

 

31. Internal Stakeholders

Q31. Which is an internal stakeholder?

A. Supplier

B. Customer

C. Employee

D. Government

Answer: 

 

32. Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)

Q32. Which item is reported in OCI?

A. Net profit

B. Unrealized gain on AFS securities

C. Dividend income

D. Interest income

Answer: 

 

33. Deferred Tax Asset (DTA)

Q33. Deferred tax assets arise when:

A. Accounting income > taxable income

B. Taxable income > accounting income

C. Permanent differences exist

D. Taxes are unpaid

Answer: 

 

34. Deferred Tax Liability (DTL)

Q34. Accelerated tax depreciation creates:

A. DTA

B. DTL

C. OCI

D. Equity reserve

Answer: 

 

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Section B…

NUMERICAL MCQs exactly in US CMA Part 1 exam style, focused on conceptual traps, mixed adjustments, and examiner favorites.

 

1. CFO – Indirect Method (Multiple Traps)

Net income (after tax) = $120,000

Additional data:

Depreciation expense = $25,000

Gain on sale of equipment = $8,000

Accounts receivable ↑ $12,000

Inventory ↓ $6,000

Prepaid expenses ↑ $4,000

Accounts payable ↓ $5,000

Cash flow from operations = ?

A. $122,000

B. $132,000

C. $118,000

D. $150,000

✅ Answer:

 

2. Cash Flow After Tax (Exam Favorite)

Operating income = $200,000

Tax rate = 30%

Depreciation = $40,000

Cash flow after tax = ?

A. $140,000

B. $154,000

C. $180,000

D. $200,000

✅ Answer: 

 

3. Investing vs Operating Trap

Company sold land for $90,000.

Book value = $65,000.

Effect on CFO (indirect method)?

A. +$90,000

B. −$65,000

C. −$25,000

D. +$25,000

✅ Answer:

 

4. Depreciation vs Accumulated Depreciation

Asset cost = $300,000

Accumulated depreciation at beginning = $90,000

Depreciation for year = $30,000

Ending book value = ?

A. $210,000

B. $180,000

C. $150,000

D. $120,000

✅ Answer: 

 

5. Deferred Tax Liability – Numerical Trap

Accounting depreciation = $40,000

Tax depreciation = $70,000

Tax rate = 25%

Deferred tax effect = ?

A. DTA $7,500

B. DTL $7,500

C. DTA $10,000

D. DTL $10,000

✅ Answer:

 

6. Inventory LIFO vs FIFO – Rising Prices

FIFO COGS = $380,000

LIFO COGS = $420,000

Tax rate = 30%

Difference in net income (FIFO − LIFO)?

A. $40,000

B. $28,000

C. $12,000

D. $20,000

✅ Answer: 

 

7. EPS vs Diluted EPS (Options)

Net income = $500,000

Preferred dividends = $50,000

Weighted avg shares = 100,000

Options outstanding = 20,000 (treasury stock method adds 8,000 shares)

Diluted EPS = ?

A. $4.50

B. $4.25

C. $4.09

D. $4.00

✅ Answer:

 

8. Factoring Without Recourse

Receivables factored = $200,000

Cash received = $190,000

Loss on factoring = ?

A. $0

B. $10,000

C. $190,000

D. $200,000

✅ Answer:

 

9. Operating Cycle Trap

Inventory period = 260 days

Receivable period = 140 days

Classification period for current assets = ?

A. 365 days

B. 400 days

C. 260 days

D. Fiscal year only

✅ Answer: 

 

10. Lease Classification Numerical

Asset life = 10 years

Lease term = 8 years

PV of lease payments = 92% of fair value

Lease classification?

A. Operating lease

B. Short-term lease

C. Finance lease

D. Sale-leaseback

✅ Answer: 

 

11. OCI vs Net Income Trap

AFS security cost = $100,000

Fair value end = $120,000

Unrealized gain reported where?

A. Net income $20,000

B. OCI $20,000

C. Retained earnings $20,000

D. Cash flow statement

✅ Answer: 

 

12. Allowance Method – Aging

Total receivables = $500,000

Estimated uncollectible = 4%

Existing allowance = $12,000

Bad debt expense = ?

A. $8,000

B. $20,000

C. $32,000

D. $12,000

✅ Answer:

 

🔑 CMA EXAM STRATEGY

Indirect CFO = Net income ± non-cash ± WC

Temporary difference → Deferred tax

Gains always reversed in CFO

AFS → OCI, Trading → Net Income

FIFO boosts profit in inflation

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