Wednesday, February 11, 2026

Basic financial accounting concepts MCQ

 

Here are 50 MCQs covering Basic Financial Accounting Concepts (US GAAP focus) – US CMA Level:


1. Under US GAAP, revenue is recognized when:

A. Cash is received
B. Performance obligation is satisfied
C. Invoice is issued
D. Contract is signed
Answer: 


2. Basic EPS is calculated as:

A. Net income / Total shares issued
B. Net income / Weighted avg. shares outstanding
C. Net income / Ending shares
D. EBIT / Shares
Answer: 


3. Diluted EPS considers:

A. Only common shares
B. Potentially dilutive securities
C. Treasury stock only
D. Preferred dividends only
Answer: 


4. If convertible bonds are dilutive, diluted EPS requires:

A. Subtracting interest (after tax) from numerator
B. Adding interest (after tax) to numerator
C. Ignoring interest
D. Reducing shares
Answer: 


5. Capital maintenance concept focuses on:

A. Cash balance
B. Maintaining purchasing power of capital
C. Profit distribution
D. Dividend policy
Answer: 


6. Under proprietary theory, income belongs to:

A. Company
B. Creditors
C. Owners
D. Government
Answer: 


7. Under entity theory, the business is separate from:

A. Customers
B. Owners
C. Suppliers
D. Employees
Answer: 


8. Residuary theory emphasizes rights of:

A. Creditors
B. Government
C. Equity shareholders
D. Employees
Answer: 


9. Depreciable assets exclude:

A. Building
B. Machinery
C. Land
D. Equipment
Answer: 


10. Depreciation is allocation of:

A. Market value
B. Replacement cost
C. Historical cost over useful life
D. Cash flow
Answer: 


11. Amortization generally applies to:

A. Tangible assets
B. Intangible assets
C. Inventory
D. Land
Answer: 


12. Liquidity measures ability to:

A. Earn profits
B. Pay long-term debt
C. Pay short-term obligations
D. Issue shares
Answer: 


13. Solvency measures:

A. Short-term liquidity
B. Long-term financial stability
C. Inventory turnover
D. Profit margin
Answer: 


14. Leverage refers to use of:

A. Equity only
B. Debt financing
C. Inventory
D. Cash
Answer: 


15. Capital gearing relates to proportion of:

A. Current assets
B. Debt vs equity
C. Revenue
D. Expenses
Answer: 


16. High capital gearing means:

A. Low debt
B. High equity
C. High fixed interest bearing securities
D. No preference shares
Answer: 


17. Going concern assumption implies business will:

A. Liquidate soon
B. Continue operations
C. Merge
D. Be sold
Answer: 


18. Accrual concept requires:

A. Cash basis recording
B. Recording when earned/incurred
C. Ignoring expenses
D. Delaying revenue
Answer: 


19. Conservatism convention means:

A. Overstate income
B. Understate liabilities
C. Recognize probable losses
D. Record gains early
Answer: 


20. Consistency concept requires:

A. Same accounting method over periods
B. Changing methods yearly
C. Ignoring standards
D. Reporting cash only
Answer: 


21. Stock dividend results in:

A. Decrease in total equity
B. No change in total equity
C. Increase in assets
D. Decrease in liabilities
Answer: 


22. Stock split affects:

A. Total equity
B. Par value per share
C. Retained earnings
D. Net income
Answer: 


23. Property dividend is:

A. Cash dividend
B. Dividend paid in assets other than cash
C. Stock dividend
D. Liquidating dividend
Answer: 


24. Upon declaration of cash dividend:

A. Assets decrease
B. Liability increases
C. Equity increases
D. Revenue increases
Answer: 


25. Upon payment of dividend:

A. Liability increases
B. Cash increases
C. Liability decreases
D. Equity increases
Answer: 


26. Gross profit equals:

A. Sales – Operating expenses
B. Sales – COGS
C. Net income + tax
D. Sales – Tax
Answer: 


27. Net income equals:

A. Revenue – All expenses
B. Revenue – COGS
C. Assets – Liabilities
D. Equity – Dividends
Answer: 


28. Under US GAAP, extraordinary items are:

A. Separately reported
B. Prohibited classification
C. Shown in OCI
D. Reported before tax
Answer: 


29. Prior period adjustment is reported in:

A. Current income statement
B. Retained earnings (beginning balance)
C. OCI
D. Cash flow
Answer: 


30. Other Comprehensive Income includes:

A. Sales revenue
B. Unrealized gain on AFS securities
C. COGS
D. Dividends
Answer: 


31. Under IFRS, revaluation surplus is shown in:

A. P&L
B. OCI
C. Assets only
D. Liability
Answer: 


32. US GAAP does NOT allow:

A. LIFO
B. FIFO
C. Revaluation of PPE upward
D. Historical cost
Answer: 


33. Preference dividends are treated as:

A. Expense
B. Finance cost
C. Distribution of profit
D. Liability
Answer: 


34. In EPS calculation, preferred dividends are:

A. Added
B. Ignored
C. Subtracted from net income
D. Treated as expense
Answer: 


35. Preemptive right allows shareholders to:

A. Receive dividend first
B. Buy additional shares first
C. Vote twice
D. Sell shares early
Answer: 


36. Voting rights generally belong to:

A. Preference shareholders
B. Bondholders
C. Common shareholders
D. Creditors
Answer: 


37. Treasury stock is recorded at:

A. Par value
B. Cost
C. Market value
D. Face value
Answer: 


38. Treasury stock reduces:

A. Assets
B. Liabilities
C. Equity
D. Revenue
Answer: 


39. Purchase of treasury stock results in:

A. Increase in assets
B. Decrease in equity
C. Increase in revenue
D. Increase in liabilities
Answer: 


40. Treasury stock has:

A. Voting rights
B. Dividend rights
C. No voting or dividend rights
D. Priority rights
Answer: 


41. Financial leverage increases:

A. Operating risk only
B. Financial risk
C. Liquidity
D. Inventory
Answer: 


42. Current ratio measures:

A. Profitability
B. Liquidity
C. Solvency
D. Leverage
Answer: 


43. Debt-to-equity ratio measures:

A. Liquidity
B. Profitability
C. Solvency
D. Revenue
Answer: 


44. Return on equity measures:

A. Liquidity
B. Profitability
C. Asset turnover
D. Inventory
Answer: 


45. Accumulated depreciation is:

A. Expense
B. Contra asset
C. Liability
D. Revenue
Answer: 


46. Comprehensive income equals:

A. Net income only
B. Net income + OCI
C. Revenue – Expenses
D. Cash flow
Answer: 


47. Amortization of bond discount increases:

A. Cash
B. Interest expense
C. Revenue
D. Equity
Answer: 


48. Stock dividend transfers amount from:

A. Assets to liabilities
B. Retained earnings to paid-in capital
C. Cash to equity
D. Revenue to expense
Answer: 


49. Liquidating dividend reduces:

A. Retained earnings
B. Contributed capital
C. Revenue
D. Assets only
Answer: 


50. Financial capital maintenance approach defines profit as:

A. Increase in physical capacity
B. Increase in net assets excluding owner contributions
C. Cash surplus
D. Revenue increase
Answer: 


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