Monday, February 16, 2026

MCQ questions on financial reporting

 **US CMA Part 1: Financial Statements MCQs (US GAAP Focus)**


US CMA Part 1 Section A emphasizes financial statements under US GAAP, including recognition and presentation. Here are 50 challenging, illustration-based MCQs with answers on specified topics like income statement components, equity changes, assets, theories, and principles.


### Income Statement & Components (10 MCQs)

1. Illustration: Sales $1,000K, COGS $600K, OpExp $250K, Interest $50K, Tax 25%. Gross profit=  

   A. $400K  

   B. $150K  

   C. $100K  

   D. $350K  


   **Answer: 


2. Net income excludes:  

   A. Operating income  

   B. OCI items like unrealized AFS gains  

   C. Finance costs  

   D. Tax expense  


   **Answer: 


3. Prior period adjustment (error correction) affects:  

   A. Current income  

   B. Retained earnings directly  

   C. OCI  

   D. Dividends  


   **Answer:


4. Finance costs (interest) classified as:  

   A. Operating expense  

   B. Non-operating below EBIT  

   C. Equity reduction  

   D. Asset addition  


   **Answer:


5. Comprehensive income = Net income +  

   A. Dividends  

   B. OCI  

   C. Prior adjustments  

   D. Gross profit  


   **Answer:


6. Illustration: NI $200K, OCI -$30K (pension adj). Comprehensive income=  

   A. $200K  

   B. $170K  

   C. $230K  

   D. $30K loss  


   **Answer:


7. Gross profit margin = Gross profit / Sales × 100. If GP $400K, Sales $1M:  

   A. 40%  

   B. 60%  

   C. 50%  

   D. 30%  


   **Answer:


8. Operating income excludes:  

   A. Sales  

   B. Gain on sale of equipment  

   C. Salaries  

   D. Depr  


   **Answer: 


9. Illustration: Rev $800K, Exp $700K inc $100K finance. NI before tax=  

   A. $100K  

   B. $0  

   C. $200K  

   D. Finance excluded  


   **Answer:


10. discontinued operations shown:  

    A. In operating income  

    B. Net of tax, separate  

    C. OCI  

    D. RE adj  


    **Answer:


### SOCIE & Equity (10 MCQs)

11. SOCIE starts with:  

    A. Net income  

    B. Cash flows  

    C. Assets  

    D. Dividends  


    **Answer:


12. Equity dividend (cash): Reduces  

    A. Common stock  

    B. Retained earnings  

    C. OCI  

    D. Assets only  


    **Answer:


13. Property dividend: Recorded at  

    A. Book value of asset  

    B. Fair value, gain recognized  

    C. Par value  

    D. Cost  


    **Answer:


14. Stock split 2:1 on 100K shares $10 par: New shares/par  

    A. 200K/$5  

    B. 100K/$20  

    C. 200K/$10  

    D. No change  


    **Answer:


15. Stock dividend 10% on 1M shares: EPS weighted avg adjusts as if from  

    A. Declaration date  

    B. Beginning of year  

    C. Payment date  

    D. Year-end  


    **Answer:


16. Preference dividend: For EPS, subtracted from NI for  

    A. Basic EPS numerator  

    B. Diluted only if convertible  

    C. OCI  

    D. Not subtracted  


    **Answer:


17. Illustration: RE beg $500K, NI $100K, cash div $40K, stock div 5%. RE end=  

    A. $560K  

    B. $600K  

    C. $500K  

    D. $560K - stock  


    **Answer: 


18. OCI reclass: Pension gain realized moves to  

    A. NI  

    B. Permanent OCI  

    C. RE  

    D. Dividends  


    **Answer:


19. SOCIE illustration: NI $300K, OCI $50K, div $80K, treasury retire $20K. Ending equity inc=  

    A. $250K  

    B. $300K  

    C. $370K  

    D. $250K net  


    **Answer: 


20. Prior period adj for overdepr: Increases  

    A. Current NI  

    B. RE  

    C. OCI  

    D. Assets  


    **Answer:


### Balance Sheet & Assets (10 MCQs)

21. Accumulated depreciation: Contra to  

    A. Current assets  

    B. PPE  

    C. Intangibles  

    D. Inventory  


    **Answer:


22. Amortization for finite intangibles similar to  

    A. Depreciation  

    B. Inventory turnover  

    C. Current liab  

    D. Equity  


    **Answer:


23. Wasting assets (natural resources): Depletion like  

    A. Units-of-production depr  

    B. Straight-line  

    C. Declining  

    D. No depr  


    **Answer:


24. Livestock: Raised for sale valued at  

    A. Lower of cost/market  

    B. NRV  

    C. Historical cost  

    D. Fair value  


    **Answer:


25. Long-lived assets include  

    A. Cash  

    B. PPE, intangibles >1yr  

    C. AR  

    D. Inventory  


    **Answer: 


26. Current assets: Settled within  

    A. Operating cycle or 1yr  

    B. 2 yrs  

    C. Indefinite  

    D. Sale only  


    **Answer:


27. Illustration: PPE cost $1M, acc depr $400K, impairment test fail, RV $500K. Write-down=  

    A. $100K  

    B. $400K  

    C. $600K  

    D. $100K loss  


    **Answer:


28. Non-current assets exclude  

    A. Long-term investments  

    B. Deferred tax assets  

    C. Inventory  

    D. Goodwill  


    **Answer: 


29. Balance sheet eq: Assets = Liab +  

    A. RE  

    B. Equity  

    C. NI  

    D. OCI  


    **Answer


30. Amortization period: Patent max  

    A. Legal life 20yrs  

    B. Useful life or 20yrs  

    C. Indefinite  

    D. 40yrs  


    **Answer


### EPS & Diluted EPS (5 MCQs)

31. Basic EPS = (NI - pref div) / Weighted avg shares. Illustration: NI $500K, pref $50K, 100K shares + 10K midyr. EPS=  

    A. $4.50  

    B. $4.09  

    C. $5.00  

    D. $4.55  


    **Answer:


32. Diluted EPS considers  

    A. Only basic  

    B. Potential common shares (options, convertibles)  

    C. Pref only  

    D. Treasury  


    **Answer


33. Convertible bonds dilutive: Add back  

    A. Interest net tax  

    B. Principal  

    C. Pref div  

    D. No change  


    **Answer: 


34. Antidilutive securities:  

    A. Included in diluted  

    B. Excluded  

    C. Increase EPS  

    D. Basic only  


    **Answer:


35. Stock options: Treasury method assumes proceeds buy shares at  

    A. Avg mkt price  

    B. Exercise price  

    C. Par  

    D. End price  


    **Answer: 


### Theories & Concepts/Conventions/Principles (15 MCQs)

36. Proprietor theory: Equity as  

    A. Owner's investment  

    B. Entity claim  

    C. Creditor residual  

    D. Govt stake  


    **Answer:


37. Entity theory: Owners as  

    A. Residual claimants  

    B. Creditors like  

    C. Controllers  

    D. Separate  


    **Answer:


38. Residuary theory (funds): Focus on  

    A. Entity funds  

    B. Owner equity  

    C. Income  

    D. Assets  


    **Answer:


39. Capital maintenance theory: Physical or  

    A. Financial  

    B. Both  

    C. Nominal  

    D. Real  


    **Answer:


40. Business entity concept:  

    A. Owner = business  

    B. Separate entities  

    C. Combined  

    D. Proprietor only  


    **Answer: 


41. Going concern convention assumes  

    A. Liquidation  

    B. Continuity  

    C. Short-term  

    D. Sale  


    **Answer: 


42. Historical cost principle: Assets at  

    A. Fair value  

    B. Acquisition cost  

    C. NRV  

    D. Replacement  


    **Answer:


43. Matching principle: Expenses with  

    A. Next period  

    B. Related revenues  

    C. Cash  

    D. Assets  


    **Answer


44. Revenue recognition: When  

    A. Cash received  

    B. Earned/performance  

    C. Invoiced  

    D. Shipped  


    **Answer:


45. Conservatism (prudence):  

    A. Anticipate profits  

    B. Losses yes, gains no  

    C. Equal  

    D. Ignore  


    **Answer: 


46. Materiality principle: Disclose if  

    A. All  

    B. Influences decisions  

    C. Small  

    D. Internal  


    **Answer: 


47. Full disclosure convention:  

    A. Notes + statements  

    B. Minimal  

    C. Verbal  

    D. None  


    **Answer: 


48. Time period assumption:  

    A. Indefinite  

    B. Artificial periods  

    C. Event-based  

    D. Cycle  


    **Answer: 


49. Monetary unit assumption:  

    A. Stable dollars  

    B. Inflation adj  

    C. Foreign  

    D. Barter  


    **Answer: 


50. Consistency principle: Same methods  

    A. Yearly change  

    B. Period to period  

    C. New GAAP  

    D. Mgmt choice  


    **Answer: 


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