Monday, February 16, 2026

Mixed MCQ questions ‼️ CMA Part 2

US CMA Part 2 emphasizes strategic financial management, with Decision Analysis at 25% weightage, making MCQ practice essential for your exam prep.These 100 original, exam-style MCQs cover all specified topics proportionally, for self-study; focus on calculations and key terms like NPV, WACC, and IMA ethics.


## Financial Statement Analysis (20 MCQs)

1. Common-size income statements express all line items as a percentage of:  

   a) Total assets  

   b) Net sales  

   c) Equity  

   d) Total liabilities  

   **Answer: mixed MCQ questions CMA Part 2 


2. A current ratio of 2.5 indicates:  

   a) High liquidity risk  

   b) $2.50 current assets per $1 current liability  

   c) Poor profitability  

   d) High leverage  

   **Answer


3. Debt-to-equity ratio increases when:  

   a) Assets increase  

   b) Debt increases relative to equity  

   c) Profits rise  

   d) Inventory turns faster  

   **Answer: 


4. Inventory turnover = 8 means average inventory held for:  

   a) 45.625 days  

   b) 8 days  

   c) 365/8 = 45.625 days  

   d) 8 times sales  

   **Answer:


5. ROE = 15%, ROA = 10%, equity multiplier = ?  

   a) 0.67  

   b) 1.5  

   c) 2.0  

   d) 1.0  

   **Answer:


6. Earnings quality is high when:  

   a) High accruals vs. cash flows  

   b) Sustainable core earnings  

   c) Frequent one-time gains  

   d) Aggressive revenue recognition  

   **Answer: 


7. Profit margin = Net income / Sales; if sales $1M, NI $150K:  

   a) 15%  

   b) 6.67%  

   c) 1.5%  

   d) 150%  

   **Answer:


8. Quick ratio excludes:  

   a) Cash  

   b) Receivables  

   c) Inventory  

   d) Payables  

   **Answer: 


9. Vertical analysis is:  

   a) Year-over-year  

   b) % of base (e.g., sales)  

   c) Trend over 5 years  

   d) Peer comparison  

   **Answer: 


10. Interest coverage = EBIT / Interest; EBIT $500K, Int $100K:  

    a) 5x  

    b) 50%  

    c) $400K  

    d) 20%  

    **Answer: 


11. Asset turnover ratio improves with:  

    a) Higher sales / assets  

    b) More debt  

    c) Lower profits  

    d) Slower collections  

    **Answer: 


12. Earnings persistence suggests:  

    a) Volatile one-offs  

    b) Predictable future earnings  

    c) High manipulation  

    d) Declining trends  

  Answer 


13. Price/Earnings ratio high implies:  

    a) Undervalued  

    b) High growth expectations  

    c) Poor liquidity  

    d) High debt  

    **Answer: 


14. DuPont analysis decomposes ROE into:  

    a) Profit margin × Turnover × Leverage  

    b) Liquidity × Activity  

    c) Current × Quick  

    d) Debt × Equity  

    **Answer: 


15. Trend analysis uses:  

    a) Base year = 100%  

    b) Absolute $  

    c) Ratios only  

    d) Common-size only  

    **Answer: 


16. Gross profit margin ignores:  

    a) COGS  

    b) Operating expenses  

    c) Sales  

    d) Taxes  

    **Answer:


17. Times interest earned low signals:  

    a) Leverage risk  

    b) High profitability  

    c) Fast growth  

    d) Low assets  

    **Answer: 


18. Receivables turnover = Sales / Avg AR; improves with:  

    a) Faster collections  

    b) More credit sales  

    c) Higher bad debts  

    d) Slower payments  

    **Answer: 


19. Operating margin focuses on:  

    a) Core operations  

    b) Net income  

    c) Interest/taxes  

    d) Non-operating  

    **Answer: 


20. Red flags for earnings quality:  

    a) Consistent cash flows  

    b) Rising receivables  

    c) Stable margins  

    d) Low accruals  

    **Answer:


## Corporate Finance (20 MCQs)

21. Risk-return tradeoff means higher risk demands:  

    a) Lower return  

    b) Higher expected return  

    c) No return  

    d) Fixed return  

    **Answer: 


22. Beta = 1.2 means stock risk is:  

    a) Market average  

    b) 20% above market  

    c) Risk-free  

    d) Negative  

    **Answer:


23. WACC = (E/V × Re) + (D/V × Rd × (1-T)); purpose:  

    a) Hurdle rate for projects  

    b) Dividend payout  

    c) Short-term debt cost  

    d) Equity only  

    **Answer 


24. Optimal capital structure minimizes:  

    a) WACC  

    b) Debt  

    c) Equity  

    d) Taxes  

    **Answer: 


25. Dividend policy irrelevant per Modigliani-Miller if:  

    a) No taxes/perfect markets  

    b) High growth  

    c) Retained earnings only  

    d) High payout  

    **Answer


26. CAPM: Re = Rf + β(Rm - Rf); if Rf=4%, β=1, Rm=10%:  

    a) 10%  

    b) 4%  

    c) 6%  

    d) 14%  

    **Answer: 


27. Cost of debt is:  

    a) After-tax yield  

    b) Pre-tax coupon  

    c) Equity dividend  

    d) Preferred yield  

    **Answer: 


28. Leverage increases:  

    a) ROE volatility  

    b) Low risk  

    c) Stable EPS  

    d) High liquidity  

    **Answer


29. Residual dividend policy:  

    a) Pay after capex  

    b) Fixed % payout  

    c) Stable dollar  

    d) No dividends  

    **Answer: 


30. Pecking order theory prefers:  

    a) Internal funds first  

    b) Debt then equity  

    c) Equity first  

    d) Dividends  

    **Answer: 


31. Cost of preferred stock:  

    a) Dp / P  

    b) After-tax  

    c) Growth adjusted  

    d) Rd(1-T)  

    **Answer: 


32. High debt signals:  

    a) Tax advantages  

    b) Agency costs  

    c) Both a and b  

    d) Low WACC always  

    **Answer: 


33. Gordon growth model: P = D1 / (Re - g)  

    a) Dividend discount  

    b) For constant growth  

    c) Zero growth  

    d) High g > Re  

    **Answer: 


34. Market risk premium is:  

    a) Rm - Rf  

    b) Beta  

    c) WACC  

    d) Rf  

    **Answer: 


35. Static tradeoff theory balances:  

    a) Tax shield vs. distress costs  

    b) Dividends vs. retention  

    c) Equity vs. preferred  

    d) Short vs. long debt  

    **Answer: 


36. Retained earnings breakpoint = RE / (E/V)  

    a) Funds before new equity  

    b) Dividend limit  

    c) Debt capacity  

    d) WACC change  

    **Answer: 


37. Bird-in-hand theory favors:  

    a) High dividends  

    b) Retention  

    c) Debt  

    d) Repurchase  

    **Answer:


38. Unsystematic risk is:  

    a) Diversifiable  

    b) Market-wide  

    c) Beta-measured  

    d) CAPM ignored  

    **Answer: 


39. Target capital structure:  

    a) Book or market weights  

    b) Optimal D/E  

    c) Historical  

    d) Current only  

    **Answer: 


40. Signaling theory: Dividends signal:  

    a) Good prospects  

    b) Poor cash  

    c) High risk  

    d) Leverage  

    **Answer: 


## Decision Analysis (25 MCQs)

41. BEP (units) = Fixed costs / CM per unit  

    Fixed $100K, CM $20:  

    a) 5,000  

    b) $100K  

    c) 20%  

    d) $2M  

    **Answer: 


42. CM ratio 40%, fixed $200K, target profit $50K sales?  

    a) $625K  

    b) $500K  

    c) $250K  

    d) $200K  

    **Answer: 


43. Special order: Incremental revenue > incremental cost?  

    a) Accept  

    b) Reject  

    c) Ignore fixed  

    d) Full cost  

    **Answer: 


44. Make-or-buy: Buy if buy price <  

    a) Variable + opportunity  

    b) Full absorption  

    c) Fixed only  

    d) Sunk  

    **Answer: 


45. Sell or process further if extra CM > extra costs:  

    a) Yes  

    b) No  

    c) Joint costs matter  

    d) Always sell  

    **Answer: 


46. Limiting factor: Rank by CM per  

    a) Scarce resource  

    b) Sales price  

    c) Volume  

    d) Fixed costs  

    **Answer: 


47. Shutdown if CM <  

    a) Avoidable fixed + penalty  

    b) All fixed  

    c) Variable only  

    d) Contribution zero  

    **Answer: 


48. Price elasticity >1:  

    a) Elastic, revenue rises with price cut  

    b) Inelastic  

    c) Unitary  

    d) Zero  

    **Answer: 


49. Target costing: Cost =  

    a) Target price - required margin  

    b) Historical + inflation  

    c) Competitor +10%  

    d) Full cost  

    **Answer: 


50. Relevant costs exclude:  

    a) Sunk costs  

    b) Future cash flows  

    c) Opportunity costs  

    d) Avoidable fixed  

    **Answer:


51. Multiproduct BEP weights by:  

    a) Sales mix CM  

    b) Units only  

    c) Fixed allocation  

    d) Price  

    **Answer: 


52. Margin of safety = Actual - BEP:  

    a) Profit buffer  

    b) Fixed costs  

    c) CM  

    d) Variable  

    **Answer: 


53. Transfer pricing minimum:  

    a) Variable + opportunity  

    b) Market  

    c) Full cost  

    d) Zero  

    **Answer: 


54. Product mix: 2 products, constraint 10 hrs, CM/hr P1 $20, P2 $15: Max profit?  

    a) All P1: $200  

    b) Mix  

    c) All P2  

    d) Equal  

    **Answer: 


55. Idle capacity special order: Accept if price >  

    a) Variable cost  

    b) Full cost  

    c) Fixed  

    d) Market  

    **Answer: 


56. Life-cycle pricing considers:  

    a) Total costs over cycle  

    b) Intro only  

    c) Maturity  

    d) Decline  

    **Answer: 


57. Contribution drops 10%: BEP  

    a) Rises  

    b) Falls  

    c) Same  

    d) Zero  

    **Answer: 


58. Outsourcing decision ignores:  

    a) Allocated overhead  

    b) Direct variable  

    c) Opportunity  

    d) Avoidable fixed  

    **Answer:


59. Market-based pricing:  

    a) Competitor prices  

    b) Cost-plus  

    c) Value  

    d) Marginal  

    **Answer:


60. Degree of operating leverage high when:  

    a) High fixed / low variable  

    b) Low fixed  

    c) Zero fixed  

    d) High sales  

    **Answer


61. Joint product at split-off:  

    a) Ignore prior costs  

    b) Allocate  

    c) Full absorption  

    d) Variable only  

    **Answer: 


62. Capacity full special order: Reject if price <  

    a) VC + lost CM  

    b) VC only  

 


63. Cost-plus pricing risks:  

    a) Overpricing  

    b) Ignores demand  

    c) Both  

    d) Underdemand  

    **Answer: 


64. BEP sales $500K, CMR 25%: Fixed costs?  

    a) $125K  

    b) $2M  

    c) $375K  

    d) $100K  

    **Answer: 


65. Relevant revenue in decisions:  

    a) Incremental only  

    b) Total sales  

    c) Historical  

    d) Projected absolute  

    **Answer: 


## Risk Management (10 MCQs)

66. ERM integrates:  

    a) Strategy, operations, reporting  

    b) Finance only  

    c) Audit silo  

    d) External only  

    **Answer: 


67. Financial risk includes:  

    a) Credit, liquidity, market  

    b) Strategic only  

    c) Operational  

    d) Compliance  

    **Answer: 


68. Hedging uses:  

    a) Derivatives to offset  

    b) Insurance only  

    c) Diversification  

    d) Avoidance  

    **Answer:


69. Risk appetite is:  

    a) Acceptable level  

    b) Zero tolerance  

    c) High exposure  

    d) Post-event  

    **Answer: 


70. Operational risk mitigation:  

    a) Controls, training  

    b) Debt reduction  

    c) Hedging  

    d) Diversify markets  

    **Answer: 


71. Heat map plots:  

    a) Probability vs. impact  

    b) Cost vs. time  

    c) Revenue vs. risk  

    d) Units vs. price  

    **Answer: 

72. Risk transfer:  

    a) Insurance/outsourcing  

    b) Accept  

    c) Avoid  

    d) Share internally  

    **Answer: 


73. VaR measures:  

    a) Potential loss at confidence level  

    b) Average loss  

    c) Max loss  

    d) Probability only  

    **Answer: 


74. Business continuity plans address:  

    a) Disruptions  

    b) Financial only  

    c) Strategic  

    d) Compliance  

    **Answer:


75. Risk response: Exploit for opportunities:  

    a) Pursue positive risks  

    b) Mitigate threats  

    c) Accept  

    d) Avoid  

    **Answer: 


## Investment Decisions (10 MCQs)

76. NPV >0:  

    a) Accept  

    b) Reject  

    c) IRR irrelevant  

    d) Payback first  

    **Answer


77. IRR is discount rate where NPV=  

    a) 0  

    b) Positive  

    c) Negative  

    d) 1  

    **Answer:  


78. Payback ignores:  

    a) Time value  

    b) Cash flows post-period  

    c) Both  

    d) Initial outlay  

    **Answer: 


79. Ranking conflict NPV vs. IRR due to:  

    a) Size/timing differences  

    b) Same size  

    c) No TVM  

    d) Equal CF  

    **Answer: 


80. Capital budgeting steps: Identify, estimate, select, monitor  

    a) Post-audit  

    b) All  

    c) Pre only  

    d) NPV only  

    **Answer: 


81. Equivalent annual annuity for unequal lives:  

    a) NPV / annuity factor  

    b) IRR  

    c) Payback  

    d) PI  

    **Answer: 


82. PI >1: Accept if  

    a) Independent  

    b) Capital rationed  

    c) Both  

    d) Reject  

    **Answer: 


83. Inflation in cash flows: Use  

    a) Nominal rate/nominal CF  

    b) Real/real  

    c) Mix  

    d) Ignore  

    **Answer: 


84. Tax shield on depreciation:  

    a) Increases NPV  

    b) After-tax CF  

    c) Ignore  

    d) Pre-tax  

    **Answer


85. Multiple IRRs from:  

    a) Non-conventional CF  

    b) Conventional  

    c) Positive only  

    d) Zero NPV  

    **Answer: 


## Professional Ethics (15 MCQs)

86. IMA standards: Competence requires:  

    a) Maintain skills  

    b) Disclose all  

    c) Confidentiality always  

    d) Independence  

    **Answer: 


87. Ethical dilemma resolution:  

    a) Follow IMA steps: discuss, consult, document  

    b) Ignore if minor  

    c) Report externally first  

    d) Resign immediately  

    **Answer: 


88. Confidentiality exception:  

    a) Legal requirement  

    b) Personal gain  

    c) Colleague ask  

    d) Always hold  

    **Answer:


89. Corporate governance ensures:  

    a) Accountability, transparency  

    b) Max profit only  

    c) Short-term  

    d) No board  

    **Answer


90. Integrity: Mitigate conflicts via:  

    a) Disclosure  

    b) Participation  

    c) Conceal  

    d) Accept gifts  

    **Answer:


91. Credibility: Communicate fairly, objectively:  

    a) Yes  

    b) Biased  

    c) Omit unfavorable  

    d) Exaggerate  

    **Answer:  


92. Business ethics philosophies: Utilitarianism  

    a) Greatest good for most  

    b) Rules absolute  

    c) Duties  

    d) Virtues  

    **Answer: 


93. Sarbanes-Oxley requires for public firms:  

    a) CEO/CFO certify financials  

    b) No ethics code  

    c) Audit rotation optional  

    d) Off-balance ok  

    **Answer: 


94. Whistleblower protection under:  

    a) SOX  

    b) IMA only  

    c) Ignore retaliation  

    d) Internal only  

    **Answer: 


95. Objectivity compromised by:  

    a) Bias, undue influence  

    b) Competence  

    c) Confidentiality  

    d) Responsibility  

    **Answer: 


96. Ethical decision framework: Identify, evaluate alternatives, act  

    a) IMA/NACVA  

    b) Profit first  

    c) Peer vote  

 d)Delay 

Answer:


97. Corporate governance best practice:  

    a) Independent board  

    b) CEO duality always  

    c) No audit committee  

    d) Insider trading ok  

    **Answer:


98. Competence violation:  

    a) Outdated knowledge  

    b) Disclose limits  

    c) Both ok  

    d) Delegate all  

    **Answer: 


99. Honesty principle:  

    a) Truthful actions  

    b) Fairness only  

    c) Objectivity  

    d) Responsibility  

    **Answer:


100. Resolution if superior pressure:  

    a) Escalate, document, counsel  

    b) Comply  

    c) Resign quietly  

    d) Conceal  

    **Answer:


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